In the weeks that followed, four more states-Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, the South's most populous state-seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.Ībraham Lincoln's decisive action following the fall of Fort Sumter inaugurated a wartime presidency in which the executive superseded the other two branches of the federal government. Following Sumter, Lincoln believed that the insurrection was “too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary process of judicial proceedings.” It would be settled by force of arms. In doing so, Lincoln answered the South's challenge to civil war. On April 15, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the U.S. The fall of Fort Sumter brought the secession crisis to the breaking point. The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter placed responsibility for starting the Civil War on the shoulders of the Confederacy. On April 9, Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered Beauregard to attack Fort Sumter if Anderson refused a final appeal to surrender. Negotiations between the CSA and the United States over Fort Sumter failed, however. The Confederate Provisional Congress considered it an outpost under foreign control in an important harbor. The Confederates took down the stars and stripes and raised the stars and bars at Fort Sumter.įort Sumter represented a symbol of state sovereignty to both the United States and Confederate States of America (CSA). Beauregard's bombardment lasted for thirty-three hours until Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort. Beauregard's Confederate artillery opened fire on Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. The American Civil War began at 4:30am on April 12, 1861, when General Pierre G. Confederate President Jefferson Davis issues the order to Beauregard. Beauregard open fire on the federal arsenal, in the Charleston harbor, at 4:30 a.m. Responding to Lincoln's attempt to resupply Fort Sumter (one of the last remaining federal stations in the South), South Carolina's Confederate batteries, under the command of General P.G.T.
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